The Republic of San Marino, a landlocked nation surrounded by Italy, is the smallest
republic in the world. It is also the oldest existing state in Europe.

Republic of San Marino was twice occupied by military forces, but only for a few months
each time: in 1503 by Cesare Borgia, known as Valentino, and in 1739 by Cardinal Giulio
Alberoni.

Freedom from Borgia came after the tyrant died, while in the case of Cardinal Alberoni,
civil disobedience was used to protest against this abuse of power.

In 1739, Cardinal Alberoni invaded San Marino and occupied the country.

For the next several months, the people of San Marino protested the occupation and
appealed to the Vatican.

Clandestine messages were sent to obtain justice from the Pope. The Pope recognized
the rights of San Marino and on February 5, 1740, he restored the country's independence.

Today, San Marino celebrates Liberation Day on February 5 to mark the anniversary of
the liberation of San Marino.

As part of the celebration, there is a public procession from the city of Borgo Maggiore to
the capital city of San Marino proper.

In addition, various civic celebrations take place throughout the day.

February 5 in San Marino is also dedicated to Saint Agatha, the "co-patron" of the city.

Special services are held on this day. In San Marino, Saint Agatha is second only to Saint
Marinus, the legendary stone-mason and philosopher who is said to have founded the
original city of San Marino.

Full story: https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/San+Marino+Liberation+Day

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